Much of British Columbia (B.C.) encountered a drier spring than usual this year, a situation that researchers and honey producers warn could negatively impact pollinators. Elaine Sedgman, a bee enthusiast and gardener from Kamloops, noted a decrease in native bee activity around her flowers this season. Sedgman, who volunteers with the Native Bee Society of B.C., diligently documents sightings of native bee species for research purposes.
The decline in wild bee populations across North America is attributed to climate-related events such as droughts, which place stress on the plants crucial for pollinators. In B.C., the nearly 500 estimated bee species face challenges due to consecutive years of droughts and heatwaves, notably the 2021 heat dome event. By the end of June, the B.C. Drought Information Portal reported that 27% of the province was experiencing some level of drought, an improvement from the 40% in May.
Ground-nesting bees in B.C. are particularly vulnerable to droughts, as explained by behavioural ecologist Caleb Bryan. Droughts harden soils and vegetation, making it challenging for bees to excavate and maintain nests. Bryan highlighted that drought can also diminish leafy shade essential for nesting bees, impacting their population sustainability.
Drought stress alters the nectar production and quality of plants, affecting the food supply for bees and hindering their growth. Furthermore, plants under water stress may change colors, weaken scents, and modify petal thermal patterns, making it harder for bees to locate and feed on flowers.
Emily Huxter, owner of Wild Antho bee farm in North Okanagan, expressed concerns about potential reductions in honey production due to changes in nectar quality and quantity caused by plant stress. Monitoring the impact of this spring’s drought on honey production is crucial for beekeepers like Huxter, who anticipate the outcomes during the upcoming honey flow period.
To support bee populations, Bryan suggests planting a variety of native plant species that bloom throughout the seasons to provide ample food sources for honey bees and native bees. Increasing flower abundance in areas where bees forage is vital to ensure sufficient food availability for both bee populations.
