A recent study conducted by a team of researchers from Manitoba and Saskatchewan has revealed that a commonly used fertilizer is causing significant harm to freshwater bodies in the Canadian Prairies. The fertilizer in question, urea, is relied upon by about two-thirds of the global population for food production. Despite its widespread use, there has been limited research on the impact of urea on aquatic ecosystems.
In the study, researchers from the University of Manitoba and University of Regina conducted experiments in Saskatchewan farm ponds by introducing urea to simulate agricultural fertilization practices in the southern Prairies. The results showed a substantial increase in the growth of microscopic algae, leading to oxygen depletion in the ponds. This shift in water quality can have detrimental effects on aquatic life, including fish mortality, increased toxin exposure, and the proliferation of harmful algae blooms.
According to Cale Gushulak, an assistant professor at the University of Manitoba, the findings suggest that nearly half of the Prairie lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs could be adversely affected by prolonged urea use. The research also indicates that similar vulnerabilities exist in agricultural regions in China and the United States.
While the study underscores the urgent need for improved fertilizer management practices, Gushulak emphasizes that simply discontinuing the use of urea is not a viable solution. Instead, he advocates for the development of better technologies and practices to prevent fertilizer runoff into water bodies.
Asim Biswas, a professor at the University of Guelph, acknowledges the significance of the study but highlights the need to consider the interactions between urea and existing phosphorus levels in water ecosystems. He notes that high phosphorus concentrations in shallow bodies of water can exacerbate the impact of urea.
Gushulak warns that if urea continues to contaminate freshwater bodies, water quality issues may escalate, leading to increased costs and potential water scarcity. As climate patterns change, the availability and stability of water resources in the Prairies could become more unpredictable, posing challenges for various sectors that rely on water.
The study’s findings challenge the perception that Canada is abundant in freshwater resources, as many water bodies across the country are facing deteriorating conditions. Gushulak underscores the critical importance of preserving water quality, highlighting water as a fundamental necessity for all forms of life.
